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his belief that the chief features of Stalinism, especially paign, Lung was punished for his remarks, but he English, introduced, and annotated by Michael the crash industrialization program of the 1930s, were managed to regain his spot on the National Defense Schoenhals in Mao Zedong: Speeches at the 1957 still relevant, indeed essential, for China. Later on, Council in December 1958. See MacFarquhar, The Moscow Conference , The Journal of Communist after the Sino-Soviet split emerged, Chinese support Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellec- Studies 2:2 (June 1986), 109-126. Mao s comments for Stalin was largely rekindled, no doubt to retaliate tuals, 50. See also Mineo Nakajima, Foreign Rela- about the Anti-Party Group were as follows: I endorse against Khrushchev. For a lengthy Chinese statement tions: From the Korean War to the Bandung Line, in the CPSU Central Committee s resolution of the from 1963 defending Stalin (while acknowledging that MacFarquhar and Fairbank, eds., The People s Repub- Molotov question. That was a struggle of opposites. he made a few mistakes ), see On the Question of lic, Part I, 270, 277. The facts show that unity could not be achieved and that Stalin: Comment on the Open Letter of the Central 94. See Deklaratsiya o printsipakh razvitiya i the two sides were mutually exclusive. The Molotov Committee of the CPSU (2) by the Editorial Depart- dal neishem ukreplenii druzhby i sotrudnichestva clique took the opportunity to attack when Comrade ments of People s Daily and Red Flag, 13 September mezhdu SSSR i drugimi sotsialisticheskimi stranami, Khrushchev was abroad and unprepared. However, 1963, in Peking Review 6:38 (20 September 1963), 8- Pravda (Moscow), 31 October 1956, 1. For the CPSU even though they launched a surprise attack, our Com- 15. Presidium decision to issue the declaration, see Vypiska rade Khrushchev is no fool; he is a smart man who 91. The reference here is to Mao s trip in November iz protokola No. 49 zasedaniya Prezidiuma TsK ot 30 immediately mobilized his forces and launched a victo- 1957, his first visit to Moscow (and indeed his first trip oktyabrya 1956 g.: O polozhenii v Vengrii, No. P49/ rious counterattack. That struggle was one between outside China) since early 1950. On the point dis- 1 (STRICTLY SECRET), 30 October 1956, in APRF, two lines: one erroneous and one relatively correct. In cussed in the next sentence, see Khrushchev, F.3, Op. 64, D.484, Ll. 25-30. Zimyanin s description the four or five years since Stalin s death the situation Vospominaniya, Vol. 5, Part G, p. 105. of Chinese policy is accurate. The Chinese authorities in the Soviet Union has improved considerably in the 92. In May 1956 the Chinese authorities promulgated immediately hailed the Soviet statement and cited it sphere of both domestic policy and foreign policy. This the slogan Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom, Let a approvingly on many occasions later on. During a trip shows that the line represented by Comrade Khrushchev Hundred Schools of Thought Contend ; and in the to Moscow, Warsaw, and Budapest in January 1957, for is more correct and that opposition to this line is spring of 1957, after the CCP Central Committee example, Chinese prime minister Zhou Enlai repeatedly incorrect. Comrade Molotov is an old comrade with a published a directive inviting public criticism, many praised the October 30 statement as evidence of long fighting history, but this time he made a mistake. Chinese intellectuals took advantage of the opportu- Moscow s determination to eliminate certain abnor- The struggle between the two lines within the CPSU nity to express remarkably bold and pointed critiques mal features of its relations with other socialist states. was of an antagonistic variety because the two sides of the Communist regime, far exceeding what Mao had 95. Sovmestnoe Sovetsko-Kitaiskoe Zayavlenie, 18 could not accommodate each other and each side ex- anticipated. After six weeks of growing ferment, the January 1957, in Kurdyukov, Nikiforov, and Perevertailo, cluded the other. When this is the case, there need not authorities launched a vehement crackdown under the eds., Sovetsko-kitaiskie otnosheniya, 330-335. be any trouble if everything is handled well, but there is new slogan the extermination of poisonous weeds. Zimyanin s characterization of this declaration (see the danger of trouble if things are not handled well. Hundreds of thousands of rightists and counter- next sentence) is accurate. 99. Vstrecha Predsedatelya Mao Tsze-duna s kitaiskimi revolutionaries were arrested, and more than 300,000 96. The reference here is to a two-part conference in studentami i praktikantami v Moskve, Pravda (Mos- eventually were sentenced to forced labor or other Moscow on 14-19 November 1957 marking the 40th cow), 22 November 1957, 3. punitive conditions. For a valuable overview of this anniversary of the Bolshevik takeover. The leaders of 100. Kommyunike o vstreche N. S. Khrushcheva i episode, see Roderick MacFarquhar, ed., The Hundred all 13 ruling Communist parties were invited to the first Mao Tsze-duna, 3 August 1958, in Kurdyukov, Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals (New session on 14-16 November, but at the outset Yugosla- Nikiforov, and Perevertailo, eds., Sovetsko-kitaiskie York: Praeger, 1960), which includes extensive docu- via declined to take any further part. As Zimyanin otnosheniya, 403-406. mentation as well a lengthy narrative and critical com- accurately observes below, China joined the other par- 101. The questions of military cooperation discussed mentaries. For a perceptive analysis of the fundamen- ticipants in issuing a statement that reaffirmed the at this meeting were essentially fivefold. First, China tal differences between the Hundred Flowers cam- CPSU s preeminent role in the world Communist move- sought new weapons and broader military backing from paign in China and the post-Stalin Thaw in the Soviet ment. See Deklaratsiya Soveshchaniya predstavitelei Moscow for a possible operation against Taiwan (see Union, see S. H. Chen, Artificial Flowers During a kommunisticheskikh i rabochikh partii above). Second, Khrushchev sought, once again, to Natural Thaw , in Donald W. Treadgold, ed., Soviet sotsialisticheskikh stran, sostoyavshegosya v Moskve persuade China to permit a long-wave military commu- and Chinese Communism: Similarities and Differ- 14-16 noyabrya 1957 goda, Pravda (Moscow), 22 nications center to be established on Chinese territory [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ] |